Submarine Kalina technical characteristics. Gills were added to the Lada submarine

The Commander-in-Chief of the Navy said for the first time what name the project of a new series of Russian non-nuclear submarines, Kalina, will receive. These fifth-generation boats should, in addition, receive a power plant that is fundamentally new for the Russian submarine fleet. Only a few European countries currently possess this critical defense technology.

On Wednesday, the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Viktor Chirkov, said that the project to develop a fifth-generation non-nuclear submarine was named “Kalina”, and recalled that the new submarine will receive an air-independent power (anaerobic) plant. It is planned to increase the combat capabilities of non-nuclear submarines, as well as multi-purpose ones, as Chirkov noted, through the integration of promising robotic systems into their weapons. In addition, “in the long term, it is planned to create a new generation of submarines based on unified underwater platforms,” the admiral added.

The basis of the Navy's submarine fleet now consists of third-generation submarines. The fourth generation submarines of the Yuri Dolgoruky type (project 955, Borey) and St. Petersburg (project 677, Lada) have just begun to enter service with the fleet. Since May 2010, the Saint Petersburg has been in trial operation for the Navy. The fourth generation of nuclear submarines also includes Project 885 Yasen ships. By 2021, the Navy plans to receive seven Yasen nuclear submarines.

The pioneers in the global development of VNEU were the Germans, who have a huge tradition of submersibles and created the U-212/214 project with an anaerobic plant. The Kalina project is being developed by the Central Design Bureau of Marine Engineering (TsKB MT) Rubin. Bureau General Director Igor Vilnit reported on the company’s development of fifth-generation submarines last year. “The formation of the appearance of the next generation ship has begun and is ongoing, taking into account comments and suggestions that are received during the operation of ships of the previous generation and the lead ships of new projects,” he said.

He talked about carrying out research work to determine the appearance of the future ship. Along with the main design bureau, specialized institutes of the Ministry of Defense and the Navy, as well as Rubin's counterparties - the main developers of hydroacoustic systems, electronic equipment, and missile and torpedo weapons - are participating in this.

The results of this work were the creation of the Borei-A nuclear submarine project and the modernization of Project 636 for the Russian Navy, and the improved Lada submarine project.

A high-ranking representative of the General Staff of the Navy stated earlier that the fifth-generation submarine, the development of which is announced in the State Armament Program of the Russian Federation until 2020, will be unified for both ballistic missiles and cruise missiles. These submarines will also be distinguished by reduced noise, automated control systems, a safe reactor and long-range weapons.

The development of VNEU is planned to be completed in 2015-2016. And in 2016-2017, according to Chirkov, the first new submarine will be built for the Navy. The experimental installation will be installed on the second submarine of Project 677 Lada. The first boat of this project, St. Petersburg, is now in trial operation and uses a conventional diesel power plant.

The Russian-developed VNEU is fundamentally different from its foreign analogues in the method of producing hydrogen. In order not to carry high-purity hydrogen on board the submarine, the installation provides for the production of hydrogen in the volume of consumption by reforming diesel fuel.

Tests of the air-independent power plant were to take place in June 2013 at a special Rubin stand in St. Petersburg. As a source in the headquarters told the Izvestia newspaper, in the fall of 2012 the installation was tested on the experimental submarine Sarov in the White Sea, and “certain problems were identified in the operation of the VNEU, the unreliability of some components and assemblies.”

In addition to the existing “St. Petersburg”, “Kronstadt” and “Sevastopol” were laid down. VNEU should be received by "Sevastopol" and "St. Petersburg" (subject to its successful sea trials), and "Kronstadt" will remain with old batteries, since it is in a high degree of readiness, and it makes no sense to re-equip it with a VNEU that has not yet been adopted for service .

According to the chairman of the St. Petersburg Club of Submariners, Igor Kurdin, in a number of countries, primarily Germany and Sweden, projects of similar boats with VNEU are “implemented in metal.” “All over the world, air-independent installations are better known as the Stirling engine. This engine was patented over a hundred years ago. The first Russian non-nuclear submarine on which it was planned to install an air-independent installation was Saint Petersburg. But, unfortunately, this project did not take off. Therefore, they were forced to make a conventional diesel-electric submarine. Now it remains experimental and must undergo deep-sea testing in the Northern Fleet,” Kurdin told the VZGLYAD newspaper.

According to Kurdin, fifth-generation submarines will be built on the St. Petersburg base, but the main thing will be the creation of an air-independent installation, and “there are great difficulties here.” “The creation of air-independent installations is the only way to develop non-nuclear submarines. Diesel-electric is already a hundred years old! These are "diving" submarines because they have to surface frequently to charge their batteries. And the air-independent installation will allow them to remain under water as long as nuclear submarines can,” the expert noted.

In comparison with nuclear submarines, Kurdin considers the main advantage of submarines with similar installations to be their low noise and lower price.

“Nuclear boats are turbines, and there is no way to make such a system silent. Even technically advanced countries like Japan do not have nuclear submarines because they believe that it is very expensive. Therefore, diesel-electric boats should be replaced with submarines with air-independent power plants,” he is confident.

In addition, Kurdin reminded about the existing restrictions. In the Baltic and Black Seas, according to international treaties, the presence of nuclear submarines is prohibited (therefore, all nuclear submarines are based in the Northern and Pacific fleets), and “the only way out is to create boats with an air-independent power plant.” Currently, Russia has only one diesel-electric submarine left in the Black Sea, Alrosa. “Despite the fact that Türkiye, a NATO member, has 14 submarines. The ratio is far from being in Russia’s favor,” the expert emphasized, suggesting that it is in the Black Sea that the next generation of submarines will be primarily in demand.

He recalled that the Dutch diesel-electric submarine Dolphin was exhibited at last year's International Naval Show. “I was invited there. They showed me everything except the aft engine room. According to some reports, they have an air-independent power plant installed there, which is a big secret, that’s why they didn’t show it to us,” believes Igor Kurdin.

In turn, Vadim Kozyulin, director of the PIR Center program on conventional weapons, agrees that this technology is “extremely necessary” for Russia. “Unfortunately, it is not yet available for Russia. The Germans are the first here. The French have the same technology. But, naturally, they will not share it with us, so you need to figure it out with your own mind. We can do this, so the time Chirkov named will be spent acquiring this technology. Russia has serious scientific potential. Over the past 20 years, military technologies have advanced, and all this time the fleet has been in the role of a stepdaughter,” Kozyulin told the VZGLYAD newspaper.

According to him, the technology for creating such power plants is considered a priority for Russia, and for “this project it is key.” “This technology allows a submarine to stay under water for up to twenty, or even more, days,” he noted, suggesting that the submarines will be in demand in all Russian fleets.

5TH GENERATION NON-NUCLEAR SUBMARINE PROJECT "KALINA"
NON-NUCLEAR SUBMARINE OF THE 5TH GENERATION PROJECT “KALINA”

Construction of a fifth-generation non-nuclear submarine could begin in Russia in five years, head of the United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexey Rakhmanov told reporters on Wednesday.
“I think in five years,” he said, answering a corresponding question.
RIA News

28.06.2017

A preliminary design for a fifth-generation non-nuclear submarine has already been created in Russia, and the assignment for the development of a technical design is being agreed upon. Vice President of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) for military shipbuilding Igor Ponomarev told TASS about this.
“The preliminary design of a promising fifth-generation non-nuclear submarine developed by the Rubin Central Design Bureau has already been created, and the assignment for the development of the technical design of the ship is being agreed upon. The decision to begin its construction will be made after the completion of technical design,” he said
TASS

03.07.2017

Development work (R&D) on the fifth-generation non-nuclear submarine Kalina will be completed within the framework of the state armament program (GPV) 2018-2025, Deputy Navy Commander-in-Chief for Armaments Vice Admiral Viktor Bursuk said at a conference at the Naval Show in St. Petersburg .
Non-nuclear submarines of the fifth generation should replace the boats of projects 877, 636 (Varshavyanka), as well as 677 Lada, currently in service with the Navy.
“The program for the construction of fifth-generation non-nuclear submarines is laid down in the State Program of Promotion. Development work on Kalina should be completed before 2025,” Bursuk said.
He emphasized that “the continuation of the construction of Project 677 Lada submarines does not push back the project for the construction of Kalina submarines, but will be carried out in parallel.”
RIA News

Project "Kalina".

1. Number of submarines of the project: no (planned after 2020).

2. Project image:

No data.

3. Project composition: there is no data on the planned quantity

4. Project history:

03/19/2014 Information appeared on the website of TV Center JSC: “Russian developers have begun designing non-nuclear submarines of the 5th generation "Kalina". This was stated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Viktor Chirkov, ITAR-TASS reports. “Currently, design work is already underway to create non-nuclear submarines of the 5th generation. Strict laws and rules of shipbuilding require that there be no pauses in the creation of new generations of submarines,” he said. According to him, the new submarine "Kalina" will receive an air-independent power plant. It is also reported that the development of the project "Kalina" leads the Central Design Bureau of Marine Equipment "Rubin". Back in 2013, the general director of the Rubin Central Design Bureau for MT, Igor Vilnit, announced that Rubin had begun developing 5th generation non-nuclear submarines. Chirkov noted that it is planned to increase the combat capabilities of non-nuclear and multi-purpose submarines through the integration of promising robotic systems into their weapons. He emphasized that “in the long term, which is now taken into account in the shipbuilding program, it is planned to create lead ships and serial construction of new generation submarines based on unified underwater platforms.”

07/01/2015 information appeared on the RIA Novosti website: “Director of the state defense procurement department of the United Shipbuilding Corporation Anatoly Shlemov said that the Rubin Central Design Bureau has completed the Kalina-VMF research work, and a preliminary design of a submarine with VNEU and LIAB has been completed. TsKB "Rubin", commissioned by the Russian Ministry of Defense, developed a preliminary design of a non-nuclear submarine of the type "Kalina" with an anaerobic (air-independent) power plant, Anatoly Shlemov, director of the state defense procurement department of the United Shipbuilding Corporation, told RIA Novosti on Wednesday. In recent years, the Rubin Central Design Bureau has been developing an anaerobic, air-independent power plant (VNEU) and a lithium-ion battery (LIAB), which significantly increase the duration of non-nuclear submarines staying under water without surfacing. “In December 2014, the Rubin Central Design Bureau completed the Kalina-VMF research work, as a result of which the preliminary design of a promising multi-purpose non-nuclear submarine with VNEU and LIAB was completed in accordance with the tactical and technical specifications of the Russian Ministry of Defense,” Shlemov said.”

07/30/2015 information appeared on the RIA Novosti website: “Construction of a fifth-generation non-nuclear submarine of the project "Kalina" will begin in Russia “immediately after 2020,” RIA Novosti reports, citing a source in the command of the Russian fleet. According to the agency's interlocutor, the submarine will receive a new anaerobic plant, the development of which will be completed in 2018. The creation of this installation is carried out by the Central Design Bureau of Marine Equipment "Rubin". A promising Russian anaerobic power plant will use highly purified hydrogen for operation. It will be produced from diesel fuel by reforming, that is, converting fuel into hydrogen-containing gas and aromatic hydrocarbons, which will then pass through a hydrogen recovery unit. The resulting hydrogen will be fed into hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, where electricity will be generated. With this scheme, designers expect to obtain a method for almost silent generation of electricity necessary to power on-board systems and engines. The main advantage of submarines with an anaerobic power plant is the ability to stay under water for a longer period of time compared to conventional diesel-electric submarines. The latter need to periodically float to the surface to start diesel generators, which generate electricity to charge the batteries that power the electric motors. Submarines with anaerobic installations are able to move almost silently under water. After 2018, the experimental anaerobic plant will be installed on a second submarine project 677 "Lada" for testing. The energy capacity of the installation being developed by Rubin is expected to be about 400 kilowatts. For comparison, the power of foreign anaerobic plants, for example, German submarines of the Type 214 project does not exceed 120 kilowatts, and the Swedish submarines of the Västerjötland type - 75 kilowatts."

01/19/2016 on the RIA Novosti website the information appeared: “Diesel-electric submarines project 677 "Lada" no more will be built, funding will be directed to the project "Kalina"(improved "Lada"), a high-ranking representative of the Russian Navy command told RIA Novosti on Tuesday. "The fleet command decided to complete the construction of two boats project 677 "Lada" and stop construction there. All three boats of this project will be included in the operational composition of the Baltic Fleet. Funding will be used for the project "Kalina", - said the agency’s interlocutor.”

5. Project diagram:

No data.

6. Tactical and technical data of the project:

No data.

7. Sources:

- “In Russia they will create a non-nuclear submarine of the 5th generation “Kalina” (http://www.tvc.ru/news/show/id/34514).
- “In the Russian Federation, the Kalina submarine project with an anaerobic power plant has been developed” (http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20150701/1107574182.html)
- “The fifth generation submarine will receive an anaerobic plant” (https://nplus1.ru/news/2015/07/30/kalina).
- “The construction of Project 677 Lada submarines has been stopped in Russia (http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20160119/1361783316.html).

April 5, 2014 This news has been read 18069 times

"Kalina" is a fifth-generation Russian submarine with an air-independent power (anaerobic) plant (VNEU)

March 19, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Victor Chirkov reported that the project to develop a fifth-generation non-nuclear submarine was named "Kalina", and recalled that the new submarine will receive an air-independent power (anaerobic) plant. It is planned to increase the combat capabilities of non-nuclear submarines, as well as multi-purpose ones, as Chirkov noted, through the integration of promising robotic systems into their weapons. In addition, “in the long term, it is planned to create a new generation of submarines based on unified underwater platforms,” the admiral added.

The basis of the Navy's submarine fleet now consists of third-generation submarines. Fourth generation submarines "Yury Dolgoruky"(project 955, "Borey") And "Saint Petersburg"(project 677, "Lada") have just begun to enter service with the fleet. Since May 2010 "Saint Petersburg" is in trial operation by the Navy. The fourth generation of nuclear submarines also includes ships of Project 885 "Ash". By 2021, the Navy plans to receive seven nuclear submarines "Ash".

The pioneers in the global development of VNEU were the Germans, who have huge traditions of submersibles and created the project U-212/214 with an anaerobic plant. Project development "Kalina" leads Central Design Bureau of Marine Engineering (CDB MT) "Rubin" . Bureau General Director on the development of fifth-generation submarines by the enterprise Igor Vilnit reported last year. “The formation of the appearance of the next generation ship has begun and is ongoing, taking into account comments and suggestions that are received during the operation of ships of the previous generation and the lead ships of new projects,” he said.

He talked about carrying out research work to determine the appearance of the future ship. Along with the main design bureau, specialized institutes of the Ministry of Defense and the Navy, as well as contractors, participate in this "Rubina"- main developers of hydroacoustic systems, radio-electronic equipment, missile and torpedo weapons.

The results of this work were the creation of a nuclear submarine project "Borey-A" and modernization of Project 636 for the Russian Navy, improved submarine design "Lada".

Submarine "Saint Petersburg"(project 677, "Lada")

The development of VNEU is planned to be completed in 2015-2016. And in 2016-2017, according to Chirkova , the first new submarine will be built for the Navy. The experimental installation will be installed on the second submarine of Project 677 "Lada". The first boat of this project "Saint Petersburg" It is currently in trial operation and uses a conventional diesel power plant.

Tests of the air-independent power plant were to take place in June 2013 at a special stand "Rubina" in St. Petersburg. As a source in the High Command said, in the fall of 2012 the installation was tested on an experimental submarine "Sarov" in the White Sea, and “certain problems were identified in the operation of the VNEU, the unreliability of some components and assemblies.”

In addition to the current one "St. Petersburg" laid down "Kronstadt" And "Sevastopol". VNEU must receive "Sevastopol" And "Saint Petersburg"(subject to its successful sea trials), and "Kronstadt" will remain with the old batteries, since it is in a high degree of readiness, and it makes no sense to re-equip it with a VNEU that has not yet been adopted for service.

According to the chairman of the St. Petersburg Club of Submariners Igor Kurdin , in a number of countries, primarily in Germany and Sweden, projects of similar boats with VNEU are “implemented in metal.” “All over the world, air-independent units are better known as the Stirling engine. This engine was patented over a hundred years ago. The first Russian non-nuclear submarine, on which it was planned to install an air-independent installation, was "Saint Petersburg". But, unfortunately, this project did not take off. Therefore, they were forced to make a conventional diesel-electric submarine. Now it remains experimental and must undergo deep-sea testing in the Northern Fleet,” said Kurdin .

According to Kurdina , fifth generation submarines will be made on the basis "St. Petersburg", but the main thing will be the creation of an air-independent installation, and “there are great difficulties here.” “The creation of air-independent installations is the only way to develop non-nuclear submarines. Diesel-electric is already a hundred years old! These are "diving" submarines because they have to surface frequently to charge their batteries. And the air-independent installation will allow them to remain under water as long as nuclear submarines can,” the expert noted.

Compared to nuclear submarines, the main advantage of submarines with similar installations is Kurdin considers their low noise and lower price.

Besides Kurdin reminded about the existing restrictions. In the Baltic and Black Seas, according to international treaties, the presence of nuclear submarines is prohibited (therefore, all nuclear submarines are based in the Northern and Pacific fleets), and “the only way out is to create boats with an air-independent power plant.” Russia now has one diesel-electric submarine left in the Black Sea "Alrosa". “Despite the fact that Türkiye, a NATO member, has 14 submarines. The ratio is far from being in Russia’s favor,” the expert emphasized, suggesting that it is in the Black Sea that the next generation of submarines will be primarily in demand.

He recalled that a Dutch diesel-electric submarine was exhibited at last year's International Naval Show "Dolphin". “I was invited there. They showed me everything except the aft engine room. According to some reports, they have an air-independent power plant installed there, which is a big secret, that’s why they didn’t show it to us,” he believes Igor Kurdin .

In turn, director of the PIR Center program on conventional weapons Vadim Kozyulin I agree that this technology is “extremely necessary” for Russia. “Unfortunately, it is not yet available for Russia. The Germans are the first here. The French have the same technology. But, naturally, they will not share it with us, so you need to figure it out with your own mind. It is possible to do this, so the named Chirkov time will be spent acquiring this technology. Russia has serious scientific potential. Over the past 20 years, military technology has advanced, and all this time the fleet has been in the role of a stepdaughter,” said Kozyulin .

The publication was prepared by staff CompMechLab® based on site materials Military-Industrial Complex News .

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